Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills. Over time, it becomes harder for a person to do simple everyday tasks. It is the most common cause of dementia, especially among older adults.

What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease happens when abnormal proteins build up in the brain, damaging the cells. These damaged brain cells lose connections with each other and eventually die. This process mainly affects parts of the brain involved in memory, learning, and thinking.
There are two main types:
• Early-onset Alzheimer’s: This type is rare and starts before age 65, sometimes as early as in the 30s or 40s.
• Late-onset Alzheimer’s: This is the most common type and usually begins after age 65.

What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease?

The exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is still not fully known. However, several factors are believed to play a role:
• Age: Getting older is the biggest risk factor.
• Family history: Having a close family member with Alzheimer’s increases your risk.
• Lifestyle and heart health: Poor heart health, high blood pressure, smoking, lack of exercise, and an unhealthy diet may also raise your risk.
• Brain injury: Serious head injuries may also be linked to Alzheimer’s.

Early Signs and Symptoms

At first, the symptoms may be mild and easy to miss. But over time, they get worse.
Common early signs include:
• Forgetting recent events or conversations.
• Asking the same questions repeatedly.
• Trouble finding the right words.
• Getting lost in familiar places.
• Poor judgment or making bad decisions.
• Changes in mood or personality.
As the disease gets worse, people may forget their loved ones, struggle with daily tasks, or lose the ability to speak or move without help.

How Is Alzheimer’s Diagnosed?

There is no single test to confirm Alzheimer’s. Doctors usually:
• Ask about memory problems and changes in behavior.
• Do physical and mental health checks.
• Use brain scans to look for changes.
• Rule out other possible causes, like vitamin deficiencies or thyroid problems.
It’s important to see a doctor early if you or a loved one notice memory changes. Early diagnosis helps in planning care and possibly slowing symptoms.

Can It Be Cured?

Unfortunately, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. However, some treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:
• Medications: These may help with memory or reduce anxiety, depression, and sleep issues.
• Supportive care: Routine, safety measures, and support from caregivers and health professionals can make daily life easier.
• Healthy habits: Eating well, staying active, and keeping the mind engaged may help slow the disease in some people.

Living With Alzheimer’s

Living with Alzheimer’s is challenging, but many people live for years after diagnosis. It’s important to:
• Create a safe and calm environment.
• Keep a daily routine.
• Stay connected with friends and family.
• Ask for help and support from professionals and support groups.


Family members and caregivers also need care and support. Taking care of someone with Alzheimer’s can be hard, and caregivers should also look after their own health and well-being.

Final Thoughts

Alzheimer’s disease is a serious condition that affects millions of people around the world. While it cannot be cured, early detection and proper care can help manage symptoms and improve life for both the patient and their loved ones. If you notice memory problems in yourself or someone close to you, don’t ignore it—talk to a doctor.

References:


• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/alzheimers-disease/earlyonset-alzheimer-disease
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9164-alzheimers-disease
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447
• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/alzheimers-disease/alzheimers-disease-what-you-need-to-know-as-you-age
• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alzheimers-disease/causes/